In your first pic you can see the pistons were getting hot on both the intake and exhaust sides, This is 1 sign of detonation. In a good running motor with the right tune you will want one flame front to travel accross the piston in one direction, not having 2 or more flame fronts colliding and causing hot spots. So you want to see the intake side of this piston/chamber being "hot".
Another sign of detonation is the pitting of the head, the pistons are forged and will take a lot of abuse before showing signs of detonation, besides how the burn pattern looks.
And the blown out head gasket on both sides of the combustion chamber is a good sign of detonation, unless you are making a lot of power and lifting the head. What head bolts/studs did you use and what were they torqued to?
I would have done a cranking compression test before pulling the head, this would have given us a better idea as to what the compression was like.
When you pull the pistons take a good look at the top of piston above the compression ring, and look at the rings, pitting, scoring, sharp burs on the ring, are all signs of detonation.
What gas were you running and what was the A/F ratio?
~John